What do you understand by the term Pathology?

What are the various benefits of using Pathology equipments?

INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS PATHOLOGY?

Pathology is a medicinal field which diagnoses disease by examining surgically removed organs, tissues (biopsy samples), physiological fluids, and, in certain situations, the entire body (autopsy). The general anatomical makeup of a body specimen, the appearance of the cells utilizing immunological markers, and chemical signatures in the cells are all factors to consider.

Pathology also encompasses the related scientific study of disease processes, which investigates the causes, mechanisms, and scope of disease. Various research process such as cellular adaptation to injury, necrosis (death of living cells or tissues), inflammation, wound healing, and neoplasia is all areas of research (abnormal new growth of cells). This research process is conducted with the help of pathology equipments.

Under a microscope, the cellular pattern of tissue samples is examined to identify whether they are malignant or non-cancerous (benign). Genetic research and gene markers are also used by pathologists in the diagnosis of many disorders.

HISTORY OF PATHOLOGY

The field of pathology has a long and illustrious history. The ancient Egyptians were one of the first nations to record disease and its impact on the body’s organs. Among other diseases, ancient papyrus scrolls contain information on bone injuries, parasites, and lumps that may have been cancer. Hippocrates (Greek Phyician – 5th century BC) had a significant impact on medicine and pathology.

Hippocrates influenced many ancient Greek writers, who collected extensive information about wounds, tumors, and diseases like tuberculosis. In addition, animal dissection became popular. The Hippocratic theories eventually made their way to Rome. Although scientific advancement stagnated during the Middle Ages, Byzantine and Arab physicians made significant contributions to disease research.

TYPES OF PATHOLOGY

1. Surgical Pathology

It is the most important and time-consuming branch of pathology, with a primary focus on analyzing tissues for conclusive illness diagnosis with the naked eye or under a microscope. Surgically removed specimens come from a variety of places, including minor skin biopsies, core biopsies for cancer diagnosis, and the operating room when tumors are removed. Surgical pathology entails macroscopic (gross) and microscopic (histologic) tissue investigation, with immunohistochemistry or other laboratory procedures used to examine the molecular characteristics of tissue samples.

1. Cytopathology

It’s a type of pathology that investigates and diagnoses diseases at the cellular level. It is most commonly used to assist diagnose cancer, but it can also be used to diagnose some viral infections and other inflammatory problems. In contrast to histopathology, which investigates complete tissues, cytopathology is typically employed on samples of free cells or tissue pieces that spontaneously exfoliate or are taken from tissues by abrasion or small needle aspiration.

1. Molecular Pathology

It is very new discipline of science which has made significant strides in the last decade. It focuses on the investigation and detection of disease using molecules found in organs, tissues, and physiological fluids. Diseases caused by mutations or variations in a person’s genetic code, and clinicians can diagnose a disease and determine the best treatment by identifying specific characteristic mutations. As a result, molecular analysis is helping to pave the path for customized treatment by allowing us to forecast a patient’s reaction to anti-cancer medication based on their genetic makeup. The discovery of molecular and genetic techniques for the diagnosis and categorization of human tumors, as well as the design and validation of predictive biomarkers, are all part of Molecular Pathology.

VARIOUS BENEFITS OF USING PATHOLOGY EQUIPMENTS

These days, schools must have the most up-to-date and high-quality pathology equipments supplies. Science is unlike any other subject in that it is unique. To grasp its concepts, one must delve beyond textbooks and traditional classroom instruction. Seeing, holding, and manipulating real items and materials is essential for effective science teaching and learning. Children’s classroom knowledge will be ineffective unless they watch the process and comprehend the relationship between action and reaction.

A constant state of show and tell is required for effective science teaching and learning. To ensure that their pupils fully understand each idea, good institutions integrate classroom instruction with pathology equipments experimentation. It is also considered that laboratory teaching and experiments aid in the development of profound knowledge in children. When children watch tests being performed right in front of their eyes, they are more likely to remember what they have learned.

Students can interact directly with the data collected using pathology equipments. They gain first-hand learning experience by conducting their own experiments. Students are required to use models in order to comprehend various scientific theories and concepts. School science lab equipment and supplies are also proven to make teaching and learning easier for both teachers and students. Several scientific theories and notions are difficult to describe straight from the books. Anatomy models, physics science kits, and chemistry science kits, for example, make otherwise complicated scientific theories understandable.

CONCLUSION

To summarise, pathology equipments is investigating the origin of illness, how it develops, the impact of illness on cells, and the illness’s end. Cell pathology, cell necrosis or cell death, wound healing, cancer growth, and inflammation are some of the characteristics of sickness that can be researched.
The pathology equipments aids in the detection of disease potential, diagnosis of disease/condition, identification of cause or severity of disease, disease progression monitoring, and treatment effects monitoring.